Industrial gas turbine components innovative machining methods developed by our team improve the efficiency of gas turbine components. The steam turbine is a turbine in which the potential energy of heated and compressed steam produced in a special device, a steam generator, or steam of natural origin for example, from geothermal springs is converted into kinetic energy when the steam expands in the turbine blade cascades and then into mechanical work on the rotating shaft. Recent trends in repair and refurbishing of steam turbine components article pdf available in sadhana 283. Mar 06, 2018 download 56018305 main components of steam turbine. In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than. Steam process in steam turbine steam entrance to turbine through governor valv e to control steam capacity and therefore to control turbine speed. Operation and maintenance schedule of a steam turbine plant. In this article, we will discuss steam turbine basic parts.
Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss steam turbine components and systems r. The regulating control valve, or regulator, is a device that has a 20 to 1 turndown and limited selections of flowtrim characteristics. With a gas turbine the quantity of fuel fed is closedloop controlled e. Steam power plant cycles simple vapor cycle and its components. Windmills that generate electricity are known as wind turbines. Our steam turbines equip 41% of the worlds combinedcycle plants, 30% of fossil power plants, and 50% of the worlds nuclear power plants.
Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Since then turbines based on these principles have evolved in parallel and in fact merged to some degree. Steam turbine components are include stop valve, control valve, electrohydraulic actuators, bearing, hydraulic turning gear, and the balance piston. In the 1930s this type of locomotive was seen as a way both to revitalize steam power and challenge the diesel locomotives then being introduced. Based on this generalknowledge, this module discusses the following topics. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss both of these have double casings with the exhaust steam circulating in the annular space between the casings as in the case of the high pressure turbine. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple. To be the most effective, a steam turbine must run at a very high speed. It has almost completely replaced the reciprocating piston steam engine primarily because of its greater thermal efficiency and higher powertoweight ratio.
Setup, validation and probabilistic robustness estimation of. A transient fe model of an intermediate pressure steam turbine rotor was generated, allowing the prediction of temperature and elastic stress field during turbine startup, load changes. The majority of these chp steam turbines are used at industrial plants e. Prepared by mohammad shoeb siddiqui steam turbine components and relative equipments the purpose of the gland steam system is to reduce steam leakage to a minimum and to prevent air ingress. Nov 25, 2014 steam turbines the simplest singledisc steam turbine consists of the following parts shaft. Over the last 100 years, ge has manufactured and installed a worldwide fleet of steam turbines. Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines wgp42 05.
If there are any doubts please contact transport manager. Disc with moving blades fixed blades on its periphery. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Turbines are classified as hydraulic, or water, turbines, steam turbines, or gas turbines. Chaplin department of chemical engineering, university of new brunswick, canada keywords. Steam has one great advantage over waterit expands in volume with tremendous velocity. The unit was operated with ramp rates of 30 and 15 seconds in both open valve and closed valve configurations. There are two classical types of turbine stage designs. Pdf recent trends in repair and refurbishing of steam. Aug 19, 20 steam turbine components and relative equipments prepared by mohammad shoeb siddiqui senior shift supervisor 126. Steam turbine blades look a bit like propeller blades but are made from highperformance alloys because the steam flowing past is hot, at high pressure, and traveling fast. Boiler feed pump turbines bfpt, generally of the condensing and multivalve type mc series, have impulse blades for high reliability and efficiency and are suitable for operation over a very broad speed range. It is not mechanically connected to the gas generator, but instead is mechanically coupled, 1.
Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Today turbine powered generators produce most of the worlds electrical energy. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Calculation of thermal stress and fatigue life of mw. Pdf simulation of speed steam turbine control system. A turbine stage normally consists of a row of stationary blading and a row of rotating blading. Numerous attempts at this type of locomotive were made, mostly without success. For example, we have developed specialized capabilities to drill complex, contoured holes that improve cooling efficiency and airflow for critical engine parts. Load demand, financial pressures and aging steam turbine generators have created the need to extend longevity and reliability.
The objective of this research was to study and enumerate profound solutions in order to minimize the risk of failure and effectively manage the reliability of the substation. Figure 4 shows steam process in enthalpy against entropy diagram of curtis and single row rateau turbine. Analysis gets the temperature field and stress field of the tutor,thus we can determine the dangerous position of the rotor,and. A steam turbine locomotive is a steam locomotive which transmits steam power to the wheels via a steam turbine. In the previous turbine courses which you have taken so far, the functions and the structure ofthe turbine governing system are described. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. Oct, 2017 here i will explain the steam turbine components. This valve is opened up during prestartup of the steam turbine to commence the required warm up period needed so the metals in the turbine are allowed to expand with the high temperatures evenly.
The invention of the water turbine was so successful that eventually, the idea came about for extracting power from steam. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Using fem, this paper analyzes the startup and shutdown process of a mw steam turbine. All steam turbines have the same basic parts, though theres a lot of variation in how theyre arranged. Download 56018305 main components of steam turbine. Advantages ability to utilize high pressure and high temperature steam. Jun 07, 2004 this paper presents an investigation of the degradation effects that gas and steam turbine cycles components have on combined cycle ccgt power plant performance. Combined heat and power technology fact sheets series. Steam turbines the simplest singledisc steam turbine consists of the following parts shaft. Steam consumption of steam turbine is depending to required output power and efficiency of the turbine.
The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with addles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in. Pdf 56018305 main components of steam turbine free. Hydraulic control systems in gas and steam turbines. Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. To learn more about our interactive online courseware, visit our dupont elearning suite homepage or schedule a free online demonstration. Steam turbine from the power plant altbach universitat stuttgart 2015 02. A much smaller valve and feed line than the main high pressure steam line, it is usually before the main steam valve on the high pressure side. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884 the steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results. Beyond the turbine end of the gas generator is a freely rotating turbine. The steam turbines are widely used in power generation, refineries and petrochemical industries. Stop valve the stop valve of the steam turbine serves to isolate the turbine from the steam stream and also to quickly stop the supply of steam to the turbine under certain conditions. Approval issue module 2347 the turbine governing system.
Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. For example in case of loss of electrical load at a steam power. Exact knowledge about the turbine components stresses and lifetime consumption during transient operation is a prerequisite in order to meet these requirements. Following figures show steam process in steam turbine. Quantum computing explained with a deck of cards dario gil, ibm research duration.
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants steam turbine components and systems r. Ensure you understand the route and have identified all areas where special assistance from the pilot cars is required. Mc steam turbine for boiler feed pump applications. Transport of heavy and oversized wind turbine components. The type and scope of the retrofit or modernization can be adapted at any time to the given op. Boiler, turbine, condenser, pump, carnot cycle for steam, disadvantages of carnot cycle application, rankine cycle and. Pdf steam turbine control systems are being designed with todays technology to operate a turbine in a safe and reliable manner. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884. The shaft along with the disc mounted upon it comprises the most important part of the turbine and is known as the rotor, which is housed in the turbine casing. Degradation effects on combined cycle power plant performance. Steam turbines, cylinders, rotors, blades, seals, bearings, lubrication contents 1. Efficiency will depend on turbine size or rotor diameter, blade geometries, speed, extreme condition of steam and other losses.
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